Pressure-driven switching between N···Cl–C and N···H–C interactions in Diels–Alder cycloaddition

Excessive hydrostatic strain (HHP) accelerates reactions, however its molecular origins stay elusive. Combining enhanced sampling, quasi-classical trajectories (QCT), and power decomposition, we present that strain reduces the barrier and enhances synchronicity by driving a redistribution between N···Cl–C and N···H–C directional solute–solvent contacts within the solvation shell of the Diels–Alder response between acrylonitrile and cyclopentadiene in dichloromethane. At 15 kbar, the reactant advanced N···Cl–C contacts are extra prevalent, whereas N···H–C contacts grow to be extra outstanding on the transition state. This redistribution cancels out the destabilizing dispersion contribution noticed at ambient strain, whereas enhancing orbital interactions, pushed by the pressure-induced nitrogen cost redistribution and the larger compression tolerance of the N···Cl–C contact motif. QCT evaluation reveals that strain narrows the reactive entrance channel, and regardless of rising transition state synchronicity at 15 kbar, a small subset of trajectories retains dynamic stepwise character. These findings present an atomistic view of how specific solvation restructuring mediates HHP-induced reactivity.

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